Hoʻomaopopo ʻia he ʻumi mau ʻano o nā hana i hoʻoponopono ʻia e ka Securities & Futures Ordinance. ʻO ka laikini kālepa kālepa Form Form Form 3 i hiki i kahi ʻoihana laikini ke kūʻai aku a kūʻai aku i ka hoʻololi haole ma ka palena palena no nā mea kūʻai aku.
Ua lilo ka mokuʻāina Pelekane ma mua i wahi hoʻokele kū hoʻokahi o Kina i 1997, i ka wā i hoʻopau ʻia ai ko Britain mau makahiki he 99 o nā New Territories, ma ka ʻākau o ka mokupuni ʻo Hong Kong.
Hoʻokele ʻia ʻo Hong Kong ma lalo o ke kūlana o "hoʻokahi lāhui, ʻelua mau papahana", ma lalo o ka ʻae ʻana ʻo Kina e hāʻawi i ka moku i kahi pae kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa a pale i kāna mau hoʻolālā kālā a me nā pilikanaka no kahi manawa lōʻihi mai ka lā o ka hāʻawi.
Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā Beijing ke hōʻole i nā loli i ka hoʻolālā politika, a me nā mea makemake e koho balota i nā mana ʻōnaehana i hoʻohoka ʻia e ka mea a lākou e ʻike nei he wikiwiki kaulike o ka hoʻololi politika. No 150 mau makahiki, he mokuʻāina ʻo Hong Kong o ka lei aliʻi Pelekane. I ka makahiki 1997 ua hoʻihoʻi ke aupuni Pelekania i ke kūlanakauhale. Mai kēlā manawa i mua, he ʻĀpana Hoʻomalu Kūʻai Kūʻai (SAR) ʻo Kina, kahi ʻano o ka mana mana maʻamau.
Aia ʻo Hong Kong ma ka muliwai ʻo Pearl River ma ka hema o ka wahi Kina o Guangdong a me ke kūlanakauhale Kina o Shenzhen, i hoʻopuni ʻia e ke kai Kina Hema.
ʻO nā panalāʻau nui o Hong Kong ka Kowloon Peninsula, i pili pū ʻia me ka ʻāina, ka pali kūwaho ʻo Lantau Island, ka mokupuni ʻo Lamma ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa, ʻo Hong Kong ka mea i noho a mānoanoa, a ʻoi aku ma kahi o 200 mau mokupuni haʻahaʻa. ʻO ke kikowaena kahi kūlanakauhale awa nui me kahi awa kahawai hohonu kupaianaha.
Uhi ʻo Hong Kong i kahi panalāʻau o 1,106 km² (427 sq mi), nānā he 1.5 manawa ka nui o Singapore a i ʻole nā manawa i ka nui o Wakinekona, DC. Loaʻa ka heluna kanaka o Hong Kong ma mua o 7.5 miliona mau kānaka (i ka 2019). ʻO nā ʻōlelo kūhelu he Pākē (Cantonese) a me English. ʻIke ʻia ke kūlanakauhale ma ke ʻano he kaiāulu cosmopolitan kahi e hui ai ʻo 'East me West' (e like me ka meaʻai Kina a me Disney Land), ua loaʻa iā ia kekahi o ka waiwai nui o ka honua a me ka ʻākoakoa hui ʻana.
Ma 2014 a hou i ka 2019, ua kipaku ʻia ka haunaele maʻamau i nā ala o ke kūlanakauhale. Ua hoʻomaka nā hakakā ʻo 2019 ma ke ʻano he hōʻike leʻaleʻa e kūʻē ana i kahi uku hoʻoneʻe i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e hōʻike aku iā Hong Kong kokoke loa i ka hopena o ka ʻāina ʻo Kina. Hoʻololi nā hōʻike no ka hapa nui o nā lula a hiki i ka 1,000,000 poʻe i kaomi i ka mana o ka lehulehu, a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā hakakā a ʻoi aku ka huhū o nā pane a ka luna aupuni. - No mau mahina i kēia manawa, mālama ʻia ka honua me nā kiʻi nui o nā hiʻohiʻona pōʻino wānana i kahi kūlanakauhale ʻokiʻoki kūpono ʻole. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻo Hong Kong ma ka hema o ka ʻāina Kina o Guangdong (ʻo Canton kahi i ʻike ʻia ma mua. Hoʻohui ka Teritori Beritania Dependent o Hong Kong iā Victoria (i kapa ʻia ʻo Hong Kong Island), ke Kowloon Peninsula, nā papa me Lantau Island, nā "New Territories," a me 235 mau moku ākea.
Hoʻopili ʻia e UK ma 1841, ua hāʻawi pio ʻia ʻo Hong Kong e Kina i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana; ua hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻāina ʻē ʻokoʻa ma hope i ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa.
Ma lalo o kahi ʻike i kākoʻo ʻia e Kina a me UK ma ka 19 Kekemapa 1984, ua lilo ʻo Hong Kong i Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) o Kina ma 1 Iulai 1997.
Ma kēia hoʻonohonoho ʻana, ua hoʻohiki ʻo Kina, ma lalo o kāna “hoʻokahi lāhui, ʻelua mau papahana”, ʻaʻole e koi ʻia ka papa hana kālā komunista Kina ma Hong Kong. E mahalo ʻo Hong Kong i kahi pae koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻoponopono pilikino iā ia iho i nā pilikia āpau, ke kaʻawale i nā hana i kamaʻāina ʻole a kiaʻi, no nā makahiki he 50 e hiki mai ana (i kēlā me kēia helu a hiki i ka 2047). Mai ka 1997, he kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa kūikawā ʻo Hong Kong (SAR) o Kina me ke kūlana e hāʻawi i nā palapala i pale ʻia i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o "hoʻokahi lāhui, ʻelua mau papahana" no kēlā me kēia helu 50 mau makahiki. ʻO kāna kumu hoʻomalu kahi ʻano aupuni aupuni i kaupalena ʻia. ʻO ke poʻo o ka mokuʻāina ka Pelekikena o PR Kina, ʻo ka luna nui o ka ʻāina ka luna o ka Hong Kong Special Administrative Region a me ka luna o ka lehulehu. Koho ʻia ʻo ia e kahi ʻaha kūkā o nā luna hoʻomalu politika (i loaʻa ma kahi o 0.16% o ko Hong Kong heluna) a koho ʻia e ke Aupuni Central People (Council's State Council). He hoʻokele waiwai paʻa ʻole ʻia ʻo Hong Kong, ma lalo o ke kālepa a me ka waihona o ka honua holoʻokoʻa - ka manaʻo o ke kūʻai aku a me nā ʻoihana ʻoihana, me ka ʻāpana nui o nā hoʻopuka hou, aia ma kahi o nā manawa he GDP. ʻAʻohe auhau ʻo Hong Kong no nā mea kūʻai aku i lawe mai, a koi aku i nā kuleana ʻohi ma nā huahana ʻehā wale nō, me ka nānā ʻole inā lawe ʻia mai a hāʻawi ʻia paha ma kahi wahi: ka rama, ka paka, ka ʻaila, a me ka waiʻona methyl. ʻAʻohe nui a hoʻoiho kānāwai paha. Ke hoʻomau nei ʻo Hong Kong i ka hoʻohui ʻana i kāna kālā ma kahi o ke kālā US, e mālama nei i kahi hoʻolālā i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma 1983.
ʻO ka likelika ʻoi loa, nā koina kālā haʻahaʻa, a me ka lako o nā hale hoʻokipa i hoʻoliʻiliʻi koke ai nā kumukūʻai waiwai o Hong Kong. ʻO nā ʻāpana loaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke kikowaena o ka heluna kanaka e ʻike i ka wahi e noho ai ma ke kumu kūʻai.
Ua waiho ʻia kā Hong Kong hoʻokele hoʻokele waiwai i hōʻike ʻia i ke kūlana kālā o ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Ua pili ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka hana maʻamau ʻole a me nā manaʻo pohihihi e pale ʻole ai i ka kūpaʻa ʻole o ka makeke kālā a puni ka honua a i ʻole ke kū i ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO Terrain Kina kahi manawa o ko Hong Kong ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻololi kūkaʻi ʻana, e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻāpana o kā Hong Kong kālepa piha e ka mahalo. Ua kapu ʻia nā waiwai maʻamau o Hong Kong, a pono e lawe ʻia mai ka meaʻai a me nā mea ʻai ʻole. Ma muli o ke kōkua ʻana o Kina i nā palena o ka neʻe ʻana, ua kahe ka nui o ka poʻe hoʻomaha ʻāina i ka ʻāina mai 4.5 miliona i kēlā me kēia 2001 a 47.3 miliona o 2014, nā malihini i hōʻemi ʻia mai nā lāhui i koe i hoʻohui ʻia. Ma hope o ka piko ʻana i ka makahiki 2014, ma ka nui a me ka nui o ka manawa hoʻomaha hoʻomaha i hāʻule he 2.5% ma 2015 a me 4.5% ma 2016. Ua hoʻi hou ka wahi ʻoihana huakaʻi i ka makahiki 2017, me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā malihini e piʻi ana 3.2% a 58.47 miliona. Ua hoʻohui ʻia nā huakaʻi mai Mainland Kina a hiki i ka 44.45 miliona, e hōʻike ana i 76% o ka hōʻuluʻulu.
Ke neʻe nei ke Aupuni Hong Kong i ka Māhele Hoʻolālā Kūlana Kūloko (SAR) ma ke ʻano he kikowaena kikowaena punahele no renminbi (RMB) hoʻolauna. Ua ʻae ʻia ka poʻe e noho ana ma Hong Kong e hoʻonohonoho i nā waihona panakō i kapa ʻia ʻo RMB, ua hāʻawi ʻia nā palekana o ka hui ʻo RMB a me ke aupuni Kina ma Hong Kong, ʻae ʻia ka noho ʻana ʻo RMB, a me nā hoʻolālā kuhi, no ka laʻana, ka Renminbi Qualified Foreign Institution Investor (RQFII ) Hoʻouna mua ʻia ka papahana ma Hong Kong. Ua loaʻa i kahi hana ma kai ʻo RMB kahi pōʻino, ʻoiai paha, ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka People's Bank of China i ke ʻano o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka helu kaulike waena i ʻAukake 2015. Kūleʻa nā hale kūʻai RMB ma Hong Kong mai ka 1.0 trillion RMB a hiki i ka hopena o 2014 a 559 biliona RMB a hiki i ka pau ʻana o 2017, ʻoiai ʻo RMB ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i mālama ʻia e nā panakō ma Hong Kong mai ka 6.8 trillion RMB i 2015 a 3.9 trillion RMB ma 2017.
Ua hoʻonohonoho hou ʻo Hong Kong iā ia iho ma ke ʻano he poʻo kālepa palekana no nā ʻoihana Kina e hoʻāʻo nei e papa inoa i waho. I ka 2015, hoʻokumu nā hui Kina e pili ana i ka hapalua o nā hui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka Hong Kong Stock Exchange a ua pani ʻia ma kahi o 66% o ka capitalization o ka mākeke.
I loko o nā makahiki he 2014 i hala aku nei, i ka neʻe ʻana o kā Hong Kong ʻoihana hui i ka panalāʻau, ua ulu wikiwiki kāna ʻoihana hoʻokele. I ka makahiki 2003, ua ʻae ʻo Hong Kong a me Kina i kahi hoʻonohonoho ʻē aʻe i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka holomua o nā hana kalepa ma ka moku ʻo Guangdong ma lalo o ka Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), i loaʻa i ka makahiki 2015 e hana i nā pilina pili loa ma waena o Hong Kong a me ka ʻāina. ʻO nā ana hou, i hana i nā hopena ma Malaki 2015, e uhi ana i kahi rundown maikaʻi ʻole a me kahi hoʻonohonoho lapaʻau i kākoʻo ʻia. Ma muli o ka ʻaelike ʻo Guangdong, ua ʻae ʻia ka ʻaelike ma ke kālepa ʻana i nā lawelawe i Nowemapa 2017 i holomua hou, me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka hapanui o nā kaʻina holomua ʻo Guangdong i ka Mainland holoʻokoʻa, e hoʻēmi nei i nā hana pāpā i ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole, a hoʻohui i nā ana i ka nā moʻolelo maikaʻi no nā keʻa kea e like me ke ʻano o ka lawelawe kaiaulu a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana. I Iune XNUMX, ua ʻae ʻia ka ʻaelike Hoʻohui waiwai a me ka ʻaelike e pili ana i ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ke ʻenehana (Ecotech ʻaelike) ma lalo o ke ʻano o CEPA.
ʻO kā Hong Kong hui kālā ʻana me ka ʻāina e ʻike mau ʻia i ka panakō a me ka wahi moʻohelu kālā. ʻO nā hana e like me Hong Kong-Shanghai Stock Connect, ka Hong Kong-Shenzhen Stock Connect the Mutual Recognition of Funds, a me ka Bond Connect plot he hana nui loa ia i ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻoihana ʻoihana nui o ka Mainland a ua hoʻoikaika i ka hana a Hong Kong ma ke ʻano he kai kalaiwa a Kina. Mākeke RMB. ʻO nā hoʻolālā pili keu, no ka laʻana, ETF Connect (no nā mea mālama kālepa kālepa i kālepa ʻia) ke hoʻokolokolo hou ʻia nei e nā loea o Hong Kong. I ka makahiki 2017, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Luna Nui Carrie LAM i nā hoʻolālā e kūkulu i ka hoʻolilo kālā ʻana o ke aupuni no ka hana hou, ke kula, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mīkini me ke kiko o ka hana ʻana me ka hoʻomohala kālā ma o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka wahi.
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